Why Universities should push for E books? A means of University Reforms?
Main Article Content
Abstract
Universities play a crucial role in creating a better pathway for providing better education to the young generation of students. While many studies worldwide have indicated the benefits of using E books and a higher preference of E books among the younger generation Gelfand (2002), the acceptance of E books is relatively slow. Many research indicate that Digital Learning or E books are able to meet the expectations of this current generation popularly known as Digital Natives. There are also a great number of challenges faced by stakeholders in adoption of E books in their academic process Rowlands (2007). Universities will have to move towards adopting Digital learning platforms for a better teaching learning process thus acting as a pioneer for other colleges to follow. This paper attempts to study why Universities should push towards E books and find out the stakeholders view about the usage of E books as a learning platform and to obtain the benefits and drawbacks of using E books and what are the benefits and challenges for the key stakeholders in the higher educational system. The study was carried out as a descriptive study in which four major stakeholders were selected, and interviews were conducted and data collected. Using structured and semi-structured questions, participants were asked to describe and reflect on their E book experiences. The results of the study indicate that all major stakeholders agree on the benefits of using E books have also identified few challenges. The challenges vary for each stakeholder and the analysis of the pain points indicate the need for universities to play an key role and ensure that the challenges are taken care before the benefits of E books be reaped. By analysing the benefits and drawbacks of the various stakeholders the benefits of using E books outweigh the disadvantages and hence universities should act as nodal centers to find solutions to overcome the stated problem.
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VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, H., RAVINDRAN, S., & ANIFA, M. (2018). Why Universities should push for E books? A means of University Reforms?. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 13(2), 120 - 136. Retrieved from https://asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/278
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The work published in AjDE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC-BY).
References
Abdullah, N. & Gibb, F. (2006). A survey of e-book awareness and usage amongst students in an academic library, Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/2280/ 6/strathprints002280.pdf
Abdullah, Z., Mansor, N., & Hassanuddin, N. A. (2013). School teachers acceptance of E-book. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(23), 1–7.
Abrew, Karl De. (2001). E-book technology, RetrievedJanuary 22, 2018 from http://www.binarything.com/binaryth ing/openpublish/3._eBooks_Technol ogy.pdf
Agarwal P. Higher education in India: need for change.Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, Retrieved April 14, 2010 fromhttp:// www.icrier.org/pdf/ICRIER_WP180 __Higher_Education_in_ India_.pdf.
Akanda, A. K. M. E. A., Mostak, K., Hoq, G., & Hasan, N. (n.d.). Reading Habit of Students in Social Sciences and Arts : A Case Study of Rajshahi University,Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal, 35, 60–71.
Anuradha, K. T., & Usha, H. S. (2006). Use of E books in an academic and research environment: A case study from the Indian Institute of Science. Program, 40(1), 48-62.
Baier, K., Hendricks, C., Gorden, K. W., Hendricks, J. E., & Cochran, L. (2011). College students' textbook reading, or not. American reading forum annual yearbook, 31, 1-8.
Baladhandayutham, A., & Suji, S. (2014). Reading habits among the students of Engineering colleges in Madurai district, Tamilnadu, India: A study. Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science. 3 (3), 244-248.
Beer, M., & Nohria, N. (2000). Cracking the code of change. HBR’s 10 must reads on change, 78(3), 133-141.
Borchert, M., Hunter, A., Macdonald, D., & Tittel, C. (2009). A study on student and staff awareness, acceptance and usage of e‐books at two Queensland universities.ALIA Information Online Conference Retrieved July 23, 2017 from http://eprints.usq.edu.au/4876/
Bowen, W. G. (2010). Lessons learned: Reflections of a university president, 3(54). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brown, J. S. (2001). Learning in the digital age. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from http://cmap.upb.edu.co/rid=1GQBQP34 P-4ZJZS6-7HP/21945604-Learning-inthe-Digital-Age-by-John-Seely-BrownAspen-Institute.pdf
Brown, Gary J. (2001) Beyond print: reading digitally in Library Hi Tech, 19(4). 390-399. Burritt, K. A. (2010). E-books: Revolutionizing book culture. Master’s thesis, Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1475297). Cassidy, E. D., Martinez, M., & Shen, L. (2012). Not in love, or not in the know? Graduate student and faculty use (and non-use) of E books. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 38(6), 326332.
Chen, Y.-L., Fan, S., & He, Z. (2012). Exploratory research: the effects of electronic books on college students. MBA Student Scholarship, 14, 2-13.
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Clark, D. T. (2009). Lending Kindle ebook readers: first results from the Texas A&M University project. Collection building, 28(4), 146-149.
Coates, H. (2007). A model of online and general campus‐based student engagement. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 32(2), 121-141.
Connaway, L. S. (2003). Electronic books (E books): Current trends and future directions. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 23(1), 1318.
Desmarais, N. (1994). An electronic carriage... or a horseless book?. Audiovisual librarian, 20(4), 286292.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
Foasberg, N. M. (2011). Adoption of ebook readers among college students: A survey. Information technology and libraries, 30(3), 16-24.
Foasberg, N. M. (2009). Humanities Librarian. Educational Technology, 25(1), 30-44.
Fook, J., Ryan, M. and Hawkins, L. (2000). Professional expertise: practice, theory and education for working in uncertainty, London, UK. Whiting & Birch.
Gelfand, Julia (2002) “User input: experiences in assigned reading from E books – one net Library experience” Library Hi Tech News, Volume 19, (1), 44-56.
Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Inferences about the difference between means. In Statistical methods in education and psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Goh, J. W. (2003). The resource advantage theory of competition: Implications for higher educational institutions in Singapore. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 2(2), 93-106.
Gonca Kızılkaya Cumaoğlu, A., & Saçıcı, E. (2012). E-Book versus printed materials: University student’s preferences. Retrieved May 23, 2017, from http://www.cmdconf.net/2012/makale/3 0.pdf
Gowthaman K., Singh N., Awadhiya, A. K., &MiglaniI, A. (2017). Learners' expectation on future ODL Policy of India. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 12(2),4-19. Grant, J. (2002). Learning needs assessment: assessing the need. Bmj, 324(7330), 156-159.
Gupta, D., & Gupta, N. (2012). Higher education in India: structure, statistics and challenges. Journal of education and Practice, 3(2), 17-24.
Hawkins, D. T. (2000). Electronic Books: A Major Publishing Revolution. Part 1: General Considerations and Issues. 24(4), 14-24.
Heikkila, Harri, Kajsa Hytönen, Merja Helle, Karri Kallinen, Niklas Ravaja, and Jan Kallenbach. (2011). eReading – Media Use, Experience & Adoption.Retrieved September 22, 2016, from http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/nextmedia/De liverables2010/D1.1.4.2_D1.1.4.3_D1.1 .4.4%20eReading_Media_Use,%20Exp erience%20and %20Adoption.pdf
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Henke, H. (2002). Survey on Electronic Book Features. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ ARCHIVES/GENERAL/IDPF_US/I 020320H.pdf
Johnson, G., & Buck, G. (2014). Electronic books versus paper books: Pre-service teacher preference for University study and recreational reading. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 1(8), 13-22.
Jones, C ., & Shao, B. (2011). The net generation and digital natives: Implications for higher education. Retrieved March 29, 2017, from http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/30014
McKiel, A. (2011). Global Student Ebook Survey. Retrieved January 27, 2015 fromhttp://site.ebrary.com/lib/survey s/docDetail.action?docID=80076107.
Jones, T., & Brown, C. (2011). Reading engagement: A comparison between E books and traditional print books in an elementary classroom. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2), 5-22.
Kitzinger, J. (1995). Qualitative research: introducing focus groups. Bmj, 311(7000), 299-302. Lee, V. E., & Burkam, D. T. (2002). Inequality at the starting gate: Social background differences in achievement as children begin school. Washington: Economic Policy Institute.
Li, C., Poe, F., Potter, M., Quigley, B., & Wilson, J. (2011). UC Libraries academic e-book usage survey. Retrieved July16, 2017, from http://www.cdlib.org/services/uxdesi gn/docs/2011/academic_ebook_usag e_survey.pdf
Lynch, M.M. (2001). Effective student preparation for online learning. Retrieved February 7, 2007 from http://www.cordonline.net/EffectiveStu dentPreparationforOnlineLearning.htm
Mahmood, K. (2011). Conformity to quality characteristics of textbooks: The illusion of textbook evaluation in Pakistan. Journal of research and Reflections in Education, 5(2), 170-190.
Marques de Oliveira, S. (2012). E-textbooks usage by students at Andrews University: A study of attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Library Management, 33(8/9), 536-560.
Marston, S., Thrasher, E., & Ciampa, M. (2014). Does gender play a role in the acceptance of e-textbooks by students?. Research in Higher Education Journal, 23, 1-9.
Martinez-Estrada, P. D., & Conaway, R. N. (2012). E books: The next step in educational innovation. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 125135.
Mercieca, P. (2004). E-book Acceptance: What Will Make Users Read On Screen?. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://www.vala.org.au/vala2004/2004p dfs/32Merci.PDF .
MHRD. (2015). All India survey on Higher Education. Retrieved March 15, 2017 from http://aishe.nic.in/aishe/viewDocument. action?documentId=194
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VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
MHRD. (2013). National task force report on geospatial education. Retrieved June 10, 2014, from https://nsdiindia.gov.in/nsdi/nsdiport al/meetings/MHRDNationalTaskForceGeospatialEducati on-VolI&IICombined.pdf.
Mulholland, E., & Bates, J. (2014). Use and perceptions of E books by academic staff in further education. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(5), 492-499.
Noor, N. M. (2011). Reading habits and preferences of EFL post graduates: A case study. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-9.
Noorhidawati, A., & Gibb, F. (2008). How students use E books-reading or referring?. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 13(2), 21-32.
Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (Eds.). (2004). Educating the net generation. Retrieved January 10,2008, from http://www.educause.edu/educatingt henetgen.
Okiki, O.C. (2012). Electronic information resources awareness, attitude and use by academic staff members of University of Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved July 25, 2017, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewco ntent.cgilibphilprac
Oliveira Andreotti, V., & de Souza, L. M. T. (Eds.). (2012). Postcolonial perspectives on global citizenship education. Abingdon: Routledge.
Oxford English Dictionary. (2002). Concise Oxford English dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the horizon, 9(5), 1-6. Press, L. (2000). Personal computing: from P-books to E books. Communications of the ACM, 43(5), 17-21.
Raghav, A. (2018). Issues, Challenges and Suggestions in Respect to Higher Education in India. Multidisciplinary Higher Education, Research, Dynamics & Concepts: Opportunities & Challenges For Sustainable Development, 1(1), 250-253.
Ramaiah, C. K. (2015). Electronic publishing trends in India. Retrieved May 21, 2008, from https://doi.org/10.1629/19142
Roesnita &Zainab A.N. (2013). The Pattern of E-book Use amongst Undergraduates in Malaysia: A Case of to Know Is to Use. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 10(1), 1–23.
Rowlands, I., Nicholas, D., Jamali, H. R. and Huntington, P. (2007). What do faculty and students really think about ebooks?. ASLIB Proceedings New Information Perspectives, 59(6), 489–511.
Salleh, A. M., & Alwi, D. M. (2014). The Preference E-Book Versus Printed Material Reading Habits of Polytechnic Lecturers. Retrieved August 21, 2016, from http://worldconferences.net/proceedings /gse2014/toc/20PRINTED_read.pdf.
Saurie, Margaret and Kaushik, Sanjay. (2001). Electronic publishing IT encyclopedia.com. New Delhi, India: Pentagon Press.
Silas Marques de Oliveira, S. (2012). Etextbooks usage by students at Andrews University: A study of attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Library Management, 33(8), 536-560.
134
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
Shahmohammadi, N. (2012). Online electronic journals use among university academic faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 1-11.
Shelburne, W. A. (2009). E-book usage in an academic library: User attitudes and behaviors. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 33(2), 59-72.
Stone, R. W., & Baker-Eveleth, L. (2013). Factors influencing students’ likelihood to purchase electronic textbooks. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 9, 89-103.
Subba Rao, S. (2003). Electronic books: a review and evaluation. Library Hi Tech, 21(1), 85-93.
Tosun, N. (2014). A study on reading printed books or E books: Reasons for student-teachers preferences. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 13(1), 21-28.
Abdullah, Z., Mansor, N., & Hassanuddin, N. A. (2013). School teachers acceptance of E-book. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(23), 1–7.
Abrew, Karl De. (2001). E-book technology, RetrievedJanuary 22, 2018 from http://www.binarything.com/binaryth ing/openpublish/3._eBooks_Technol ogy.pdf
Agarwal P. Higher education in India: need for change.Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, Retrieved April 14, 2010 fromhttp:// www.icrier.org/pdf/ICRIER_WP180 __Higher_Education_in_ India_.pdf.
Akanda, A. K. M. E. A., Mostak, K., Hoq, G., & Hasan, N. (n.d.). Reading Habit of Students in Social Sciences and Arts : A Case Study of Rajshahi University,Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal, 35, 60–71.
Anuradha, K. T., & Usha, H. S. (2006). Use of E books in an academic and research environment: A case study from the Indian Institute of Science. Program, 40(1), 48-62.
Baier, K., Hendricks, C., Gorden, K. W., Hendricks, J. E., & Cochran, L. (2011). College students' textbook reading, or not. American reading forum annual yearbook, 31, 1-8.
Baladhandayutham, A., & Suji, S. (2014). Reading habits among the students of Engineering colleges in Madurai district, Tamilnadu, India: A study. Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science. 3 (3), 244-248.
Beer, M., & Nohria, N. (2000). Cracking the code of change. HBR’s 10 must reads on change, 78(3), 133-141.
Borchert, M., Hunter, A., Macdonald, D., & Tittel, C. (2009). A study on student and staff awareness, acceptance and usage of e‐books at two Queensland universities.ALIA Information Online Conference Retrieved July 23, 2017 from http://eprints.usq.edu.au/4876/
Bowen, W. G. (2010). Lessons learned: Reflections of a university president, 3(54). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brown, J. S. (2001). Learning in the digital age. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from http://cmap.upb.edu.co/rid=1GQBQP34 P-4ZJZS6-7HP/21945604-Learning-inthe-Digital-Age-by-John-Seely-BrownAspen-Institute.pdf
Brown, Gary J. (2001) Beyond print: reading digitally in Library Hi Tech, 19(4). 390-399. Burritt, K. A. (2010). E-books: Revolutionizing book culture. Master’s thesis, Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1475297). Cassidy, E. D., Martinez, M., & Shen, L. (2012). Not in love, or not in the know? Graduate student and faculty use (and non-use) of E books. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 38(6), 326332.
Chen, Y.-L., Fan, S., & He, Z. (2012). Exploratory research: the effects of electronic books on college students. MBA Student Scholarship, 14, 2-13.
131
VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
Clark, D. T. (2009). Lending Kindle ebook readers: first results from the Texas A&M University project. Collection building, 28(4), 146-149.
Coates, H. (2007). A model of online and general campus‐based student engagement. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 32(2), 121-141.
Connaway, L. S. (2003). Electronic books (E books): Current trends and future directions. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 23(1), 1318.
Desmarais, N. (1994). An electronic carriage... or a horseless book?. Audiovisual librarian, 20(4), 286292.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
Foasberg, N. M. (2011). Adoption of ebook readers among college students: A survey. Information technology and libraries, 30(3), 16-24.
Foasberg, N. M. (2009). Humanities Librarian. Educational Technology, 25(1), 30-44.
Fook, J., Ryan, M. and Hawkins, L. (2000). Professional expertise: practice, theory and education for working in uncertainty, London, UK. Whiting & Birch.
Gelfand, Julia (2002) “User input: experiences in assigned reading from E books – one net Library experience” Library Hi Tech News, Volume 19, (1), 44-56.
Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Inferences about the difference between means. In Statistical methods in education and psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Goh, J. W. (2003). The resource advantage theory of competition: Implications for higher educational institutions in Singapore. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 2(2), 93-106.
Gonca Kızılkaya Cumaoğlu, A., & Saçıcı, E. (2012). E-Book versus printed materials: University student’s preferences. Retrieved May 23, 2017, from http://www.cmdconf.net/2012/makale/3 0.pdf
Gowthaman K., Singh N., Awadhiya, A. K., &MiglaniI, A. (2017). Learners' expectation on future ODL Policy of India. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 12(2),4-19. Grant, J. (2002). Learning needs assessment: assessing the need. Bmj, 324(7330), 156-159.
Gupta, D., & Gupta, N. (2012). Higher education in India: structure, statistics and challenges. Journal of education and Practice, 3(2), 17-24.
Hawkins, D. T. (2000). Electronic Books: A Major Publishing Revolution. Part 1: General Considerations and Issues. 24(4), 14-24.
Heikkila, Harri, Kajsa Hytönen, Merja Helle, Karri Kallinen, Niklas Ravaja, and Jan Kallenbach. (2011). eReading – Media Use, Experience & Adoption.Retrieved September 22, 2016, from http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/nextmedia/De liverables2010/D1.1.4.2_D1.1.4.3_D1.1 .4.4%20eReading_Media_Use,%20Exp erience%20and %20Adoption.pdf
132
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
Henke, H. (2002). Survey on Electronic Book Features. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ ARCHIVES/GENERAL/IDPF_US/I 020320H.pdf
Johnson, G., & Buck, G. (2014). Electronic books versus paper books: Pre-service teacher preference for University study and recreational reading. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 1(8), 13-22.
Jones, C ., & Shao, B. (2011). The net generation and digital natives: Implications for higher education. Retrieved March 29, 2017, from http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/30014
McKiel, A. (2011). Global Student Ebook Survey. Retrieved January 27, 2015 fromhttp://site.ebrary.com/lib/survey s/docDetail.action?docID=80076107.
Jones, T., & Brown, C. (2011). Reading engagement: A comparison between E books and traditional print books in an elementary classroom. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2), 5-22.
Kitzinger, J. (1995). Qualitative research: introducing focus groups. Bmj, 311(7000), 299-302. Lee, V. E., & Burkam, D. T. (2002). Inequality at the starting gate: Social background differences in achievement as children begin school. Washington: Economic Policy Institute.
Li, C., Poe, F., Potter, M., Quigley, B., & Wilson, J. (2011). UC Libraries academic e-book usage survey. Retrieved July16, 2017, from http://www.cdlib.org/services/uxdesi gn/docs/2011/academic_ebook_usag e_survey.pdf
Lynch, M.M. (2001). Effective student preparation for online learning. Retrieved February 7, 2007 from http://www.cordonline.net/EffectiveStu dentPreparationforOnlineLearning.htm
Mahmood, K. (2011). Conformity to quality characteristics of textbooks: The illusion of textbook evaluation in Pakistan. Journal of research and Reflections in Education, 5(2), 170-190.
Marques de Oliveira, S. (2012). E-textbooks usage by students at Andrews University: A study of attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Library Management, 33(8/9), 536-560.
Marston, S., Thrasher, E., & Ciampa, M. (2014). Does gender play a role in the acceptance of e-textbooks by students?. Research in Higher Education Journal, 23, 1-9.
Martinez-Estrada, P. D., & Conaway, R. N. (2012). E books: The next step in educational innovation. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 125135.
Mercieca, P. (2004). E-book Acceptance: What Will Make Users Read On Screen?. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://www.vala.org.au/vala2004/2004p dfs/32Merci.PDF .
MHRD. (2015). All India survey on Higher Education. Retrieved March 15, 2017 from http://aishe.nic.in/aishe/viewDocument. action?documentId=194
133
VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
MHRD. (2013). National task force report on geospatial education. Retrieved June 10, 2014, from https://nsdiindia.gov.in/nsdi/nsdiport al/meetings/MHRDNationalTaskForceGeospatialEducati on-VolI&IICombined.pdf.
Mulholland, E., & Bates, J. (2014). Use and perceptions of E books by academic staff in further education. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(5), 492-499.
Noor, N. M. (2011). Reading habits and preferences of EFL post graduates: A case study. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-9.
Noorhidawati, A., & Gibb, F. (2008). How students use E books-reading or referring?. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 13(2), 21-32.
Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (Eds.). (2004). Educating the net generation. Retrieved January 10,2008, from http://www.educause.edu/educatingt henetgen.
Okiki, O.C. (2012). Electronic information resources awareness, attitude and use by academic staff members of University of Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved July 25, 2017, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewco ntent.cgilibphilprac
Oliveira Andreotti, V., & de Souza, L. M. T. (Eds.). (2012). Postcolonial perspectives on global citizenship education. Abingdon: Routledge.
Oxford English Dictionary. (2002). Concise Oxford English dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the horizon, 9(5), 1-6. Press, L. (2000). Personal computing: from P-books to E books. Communications of the ACM, 43(5), 17-21.
Raghav, A. (2018). Issues, Challenges and Suggestions in Respect to Higher Education in India. Multidisciplinary Higher Education, Research, Dynamics & Concepts: Opportunities & Challenges For Sustainable Development, 1(1), 250-253.
Ramaiah, C. K. (2015). Electronic publishing trends in India. Retrieved May 21, 2008, from https://doi.org/10.1629/19142
Roesnita &Zainab A.N. (2013). The Pattern of E-book Use amongst Undergraduates in Malaysia: A Case of to Know Is to Use. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 10(1), 1–23.
Rowlands, I., Nicholas, D., Jamali, H. R. and Huntington, P. (2007). What do faculty and students really think about ebooks?. ASLIB Proceedings New Information Perspectives, 59(6), 489–511.
Salleh, A. M., & Alwi, D. M. (2014). The Preference E-Book Versus Printed Material Reading Habits of Polytechnic Lecturers. Retrieved August 21, 2016, from http://worldconferences.net/proceedings /gse2014/toc/20PRINTED_read.pdf.
Saurie, Margaret and Kaushik, Sanjay. (2001). Electronic publishing IT encyclopedia.com. New Delhi, India: Pentagon Press.
Silas Marques de Oliveira, S. (2012). Etextbooks usage by students at Andrews University: A study of attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Library Management, 33(8), 536-560.
134
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
Shahmohammadi, N. (2012). Online electronic journals use among university academic faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 1-11.
Shelburne, W. A. (2009). E-book usage in an academic library: User attitudes and behaviors. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 33(2), 59-72.
Stone, R. W., & Baker-Eveleth, L. (2013). Factors influencing students’ likelihood to purchase electronic textbooks. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 9, 89-103.
Subba Rao, S. (2003). Electronic books: a review and evaluation. Library Hi Tech, 21(1), 85-93.
Tosun, N. (2014). A study on reading printed books or E books: Reasons for student-teachers preferences. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 13(1), 21-28.