Development and Factor Analysis of an Instrument to measure Faculty Attitude towards e-Learning

Main Article Content

Sanjaya MISHRA
Santosh PANDA

Abstract

This article describes the process of the development of an empirically-based psychometrically-sound instrument to measure faculty attitude towards e-learning. In order to accelerate the acceptance of e-learning and implementation of institution-wide adoption of elearning in single-mode distance teaching institutions, it is important to understand faculty attitude and accordingly plan for managing the change process. The 12-item attitude towards elearning scale developed shows a high probability of differentiating between positive and negative attitudes towards e-learning. However, the authors suggest that the scale may be used alongside a ‘social desirability scale’ to reduce the limitations of attitude measurement.

Article Details

How to Cite
MISHRA, S., & PANDA, S. (2007). Development and Factor Analysis of an Instrument to measure Faculty Attitude towards e-Learning. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 5(1), 27-33. Retrieved from https://asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/80
Section
Articles

References

Anastasi, A. (1968). Psychological testing. London : Macmillan. Berge, Z. (1998). Barriers to online teaching in post-secondary institution. Online Journal of Distance Education Administration, 1 (2). Retrieved May 10, 2006, from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/Berge12. html Berge, Z.L., & Mrozowski, S. (1999). Barriers to online teaching in elementary, secondary and teacher education. Canadian Journal of Educational Communication, 27 (2), 59-72. Biner, P.M. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure student attitudes towards televised courses. American Journal of Distance Education, 7(1), 62-73. Catell, R.B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioural Research, 1, 245-276. Clark, T. (1993). Attitudes of higher education faculty towards distance education : A national survey. American Journal of Distance Education, 7 (2), 19-33. Cronbach, L.J. (1984). Essentials of psychological testing. Cambridge, MA : Harper & Row. Daugherty, M., & Funke, B.L. (1998). University faculty and student perceptions of web-based instruction. Journal of Distance Education, 13 (1), 21-39. DeVellis, R. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications. Newbury Park : Sage. Drennam, J., Sarski, A.P., & Kennedy, J. (2005). Factors affecting student attitudes towards flexible online learning in management education. Journal of Educational Research, 98 (6), 331-338. Edwards, A.L., & Kenny, K.C. (1946). A comparison of the Thurstone and Likert techniques of attitude scale construction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 30, 72-83. Evans, R.I., & Leppman, P. (1968). Resistance to innovation in higher education : A social psychological exploration focused on TV and the establishment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fabry, D.R., & Higgs, J.R. (1997). Barriers to the effective use of technology in education: Current status. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17 (4), 385-395. Graff, M. (2003). Cognitive style and attitudes towards using online learning and assessment methods. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 1 (1), 21-28. Jamlan, M. (2004). Faculty opinions towards introducing e-learning at the University of Bahrain. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5 (2). Retrieved May 10, 2006, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/articl e/view/185/267 Keller, C., & Cernerud, L. (2002). Students’ perception of e-learning in university education. Journal of Educational Media, 27 (1-2), 55-67. Kosak, L., Manning, D., Dobson, E., Rogerson, L., Cotnam, S., Colaric, S., & McFadden, C. (2004). Prepared to teach online? Perspectives of faculty in the University of North Carolina System. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 7 (3). Retrieved May 10, 2006, from http://www.westga.edu/%7Edistance/ojdla/f all73/kosak73.html Lawshe, C.H. (1975). A qualitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28 (4), 563-575. Lee, J.A., & Busch, P.E. (2005). Factors related to instructors’ willingness to participate in distance education. Journal of Educational Research, 99 (2), 109-115. Muilenberg, L.Y., & Berg, Z.L. (2005). Student barriers to online learning: a factor analytic study. Distance Education, 26 (1), 29-48. Naidu, S. (2004). Trends in faculty use and perceptions of e-learning. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 2 (2). May 10, 2006, http://www.asianjde.org/2004v2.2.Naidu.pdf Newton, R. (2003). Staff attitude to the development and delivery of e-learning. New Library World, 104 (1193), 412-425.
Olcott, D., & Wright, S.J. (1995). An instructional support framework for increasing faculty participation in postsecondary distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9 (3), 5-17. Pajo, K., & Wallace, C. (2001). Barriers to the uptake of web based technology by university teachers. Journal of Distance Education, 16 (1), 70-84. Retrieved May 10, 2006, from http://cade.athabascau.ca/vol16.1/pajoetal.html Paris, P.G. (2004). E-learning : A study on secondary students’ attitude towards online web assisted learning. International Education Journal, 5 (1), 98-112. Schifter, C.C. (2000). Faculty participation in asynchronous learning networks : a case study of motivating and inhibiting factors. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 4 (1), 15-22. Sellani, R.J., & Harrington, W. (2002). Addressing administrator / faculty conflict in an academic online environment. Internet and Higher Education, 5, 131-145. Sherry, L. (1995). Issues in distance learning. International Journal of Educational Telecommunication, 1, 337-365. Siaciwena, R.M.C. (1989). Staff attitudes towards distance education at the university of Zambia. Journal of Distance Education, 4 (2), 47-62. Strahan, R., & Gerbasi, K. (1972). Short homogeneous version of the MarloweCrowne social desirability scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 191-193. Thompson, L., & Ku, Heng-Yu. (2005). Chinese graduate students’ experiences and attitudes towards online learning. Educational Media International, 42 (1), 33-47. Thurstone, L.L. (1938). Attitudes can be measured. American Journal of Sociology, 33, 529-554. Tinsley, H.E.A., & Tinsley, D. J. (1987). Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 414-424.