Review of Distance Education used in Higher Education in China
Main Article Content
Abstract
Chinese education has a long history, and the Chinese higher education system is the largest
in the world, but distance education in China started later than it did in developed countries.
This article provides an overview of the recent distance education development in Chinese
higher education. Specifically, the article discusses the positive impact distance education has
on higher education and the difficulties that have to be dealt with. The potential for further
developing distance education is considered. In addition, challenges are discussed, and
recommendations are made to improve the distance education environment for higher
education.
Article Details
How to Cite
LI, X. (2009). Review of Distance Education used in Higher Education in China. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 7(2), 30-41. Retrieved from https://asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/146
Section
Articles
The work published in AjDE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC-BY).
References
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Education Journal, 5, 38-41. Guo, X. (2007). Speech given at 2007 Innovation and Development in ICT in Chinese Education Forum 2007. China Education Info, 7, 3. Hao, L., Wang, Yining, & Wang, Yongfeng. (2008). 中中中中国 从充 中中 中中中 国中中 联 络 络 远 [A comparison of quality safeguard systems in Chinese and British network higher education]. China Education Info, 1, 6-11. Huang, W. (2007). 市 市市市市国 充中 场 发 中从充等等等从等律 中保 [The introduction of market mechanism into distance higher education and the legal safeguard of the public interest]. Distance Education in China, August 1, 18-21. iResearch Consulting Group. (2008). China online education services research report. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://www.kinig.com/upfiles/news/2 0088/1.PDF Li, J. (2007). 我国 充从充 市从 国我我 我 发 远 职 远 [An evaluation of the regulations in Chinese distance education]. Distance Education in China, July 1, 25-29. Li, D., Yan, J., & Yao, W. (2008). 从从从中国国 从充从 次从中国 从 次 联 发 络 发 走走 [The network education development in regular universities and that in TV universities: A comparison]. Distance Education in China, December. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www1.open.edu.cn/ycjy/indexz onghe.php Liu, Y. (2007). Presentation given at 2007 Innovation and Development in ICT in Chinese Education Forum. China Education Info, 7, 5. Ma, L. (2007). 中中从充国 从 高高从 从 充从充 际 际 络 发 ： 问 国 国 题 职 [TV university distance education from the perspective of internationalization in higher education: Issues and strategies]. Distance Education in China, June 1, 31-34.
Ministry of Education. (2008, April). 2007年年国从充年 次 等 职发 统统 统 [2007 Chinese Education Development Statistics]. Retrieved September 1, 2008, from http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/websit e18/54/info1209972965475254.htm Miniwatts Marketing Group. (2008). Top 47 countries with the highest Internet penetration rate. Retrieved September 6, 2008 from http://www.internetworldstats.com/to p25.htm Nam, Chang S., & Smith-Jackson, Tonya L. (2007). Web-based learning environment: A theory-based design process for development and evaluation. Journal of Information Technology Education, 6, 23-43. National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2002). 89.5%从充 的的国中中从充 倾 [89.5% respondents interested in foreign higher education]. Retrieved September 11, 2008, from http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjfx/rddc/t200205 31_21041.htm Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2007). Education at a glance 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2008, from http://www.oecd.org/document/30/0, 3343,en_2649_39263238_39251550_ 1_1_1_1,00.html Shen, Y., & Ding, G. (2007). 移 从 充 充 充从充中从 中中究 动 动 职 发 动 [The application of mobile learning in contemporary distance education]. Distance Education Journal, 4, 3739. Song, X. (2007). 2007年国际际程教育论论开幕 [2007 International Distance Education Forum opened]. Retrieved September 11, 2008, from http://www.yhedu.syn.cn/ycjy/Show Article.asp?ArticleID=67 Spector, J. M., & Merrill, M. D. (2008). Editorial. Distance Education, 29(2), 123-126. Sun, Y., & Chen, X. (2007). 开放大学“移动校园”构建的探索 [Exploring the establishment of an
39
LI
open university’s “mobile campus”]. China Education Info, 10, 7-9. Tait, A. (2008). What are open universities for? Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 23(2), 85-93. Tian, F., Wang, Yongfeng, & Wang, Yining. (2007). 中英高等网络教育政策比较及启示 [What we have learnt from a comparison of Chinese and British net higher education policies]. Distance Education Journal, 4, 2834. Wang, Y. (2007). Internet uses in university courses. International Journal on E-Learning, 6(2), 279292. Wang, Y. (2008). 我国我我从从充 充 国我 次国我 发 职 发 [The current situation of Chinese digital education resources and its development strategies]. China Education Info, 1, 9-11. Xian, L. (2007). Speech given at 2007 Innovation and Development in ICT in Chinese Education Forum. China Education Info, 7, 3-4. Xue, W. (2007). 从E-learning从U-learning [From e-learning to u-learning]. China Education Info, 12, 7-9. Yan, B. (2007). 充 充从充等代代 中中充 综综职 发 综 发
[Establishing a contemporary public distance education service structure]. Distance Education in China, August 2, 12-16. Yan, B. (2008). 充从充从程程程市国程 次 发 远发 [The cost and sustainable development of distance education]. Distance Education in China, September 1, Retrieved September 28, 2008, from http://www1.open.edu.cn/ycjy/indexzong he.php Yang, M. (2007, May 29). This year’s higher education entry examinations made two new records. People’s Daily Overseas Edition, 1. Yang, Q., Deng, K., & Cao, F. (2008). 我国国 从充 中从我我等 我 中究 联 络络 络 问题 [Destructive competition in Chinese network education economy]. Distance Education in China, 9(1). Retrieved September 29, 2008, from http://www1.open.edu.cn/ycjy/indexzong he.php Yuan, X. (2008, June 10). Higher education entry examinations concluded across the country. People’s Daily Overseas Edition, 1. Zhang, C., & Gong, J. (2008, September 2). Last year almost 200,000 foreign students in China. People’s Daily Overseas Edition, 1. Zhang, K. (2007). 国我国 充中中中中从充 从析析 试 发 试 [An analysis of Chinese open distance higher education models]. China Education Info, 9, 15-17. Zhang, X. (2008). 从充教教教 教教 教 中国从充中中国国 教 长 长 长 际 中中作作作况 [Deputy Minister of Education Zhang Xinsheng: The opening up and international cooperation of Chinese education]. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://www.moe.gov.cn/edoas/website18/ 83/info1218778117003283.htm Zhang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2007). 现代远程教育机构的社会责任 [The social responsibilities of contemporary distance education institutions]. Distance Education Journal, 4, 8-13. Zhou, Ji. (2007, October 17). 坚持教育优先发展，努力办好让人 民满意的教育: 党从十党从党党从充年 党党 次党 职 发 业
[Continuing to develop education as a priority and striving to provide education that satisfies the people: A retrospect at the education reform and development since the Party’s sixteenth congress]. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/websit e18/level3.jsp?tablename=2038&info id=33909 Zhou, Jiezhen. (2007). 充 充从充 职 发 ― 我国中中从充等我从我 实职 码 [Contemporary distance education, a means to realize equity in Chinese higher education]. Contemporary Distance Education, 113, 9-13.
究 [An analysis of Chinese vocational school Internet programs]. China Education Info, 12, 15-17. Chen, Z. (2008). 充国 充 充从充充充 充充 充 国 发发职 发 发 发 发 中从中中中中 [Fully utilizing the important contribution contemporary distance education makes in building human capital]. Retrieved September 7, 2008, from http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/websit e18/98/info1201846559236298.htm China Internet Network Information Center. (2007). CNNIC 布 发 《 第 次中国次 国 次国 联 联发20 况 况 统统统 》 [CNNIC announces the 20th Chinese Internet development report]. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/Dir/200 7/07/17/4722.htm China Internet Network Information Center. (2008). CNNIC 布 发 《 第 次中国次 国 次国 联 联发22 况 况 统统统 》 [CNNIC announces the 22nd Chinese Internet development report]. Retrieved September 4, 2008, from http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/Dir/200 8/07/23/5233.htm Dahlman, C., Zeng, D., & Wang, S. (2007). Enhancing China’s competitiveness through lifelong learning. Retrieved September 10, 2008, from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/E XTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/ KFDLP/0,,contentMDK:21387573~ menuPK:1727232~pagePK:64156158 ~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:461198, 00.html and http://www.worldbank.org.cn/Chines e/content/Lifelong.pdf Glotzbach, R., Mordkovich, D., & Radwan, J. (2008). Syndicated RSS feeds for course information distribution. Journal of Information Technology Education, 7, 163-183. Gong, Z. (2007). 中中 充中中从充中中从中 中究 发 远 [Distance education in China and India: A comparison]. Distance
38
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
Education Journal, 5, 38-41. Guo, X. (2007). Speech given at 2007 Innovation and Development in ICT in Chinese Education Forum 2007. China Education Info, 7, 3. Hao, L., Wang, Yining, & Wang, Yongfeng. (2008). 中中中中国 从充 中中 中中中 国中中 联 络 络 远 [A comparison of quality safeguard systems in Chinese and British network higher education]. China Education Info, 1, 6-11. Huang, W. (2007). 市 市市市市国 充中 场 发 中从充等等等从等律 中保 [The introduction of market mechanism into distance higher education and the legal safeguard of the public interest]. Distance Education in China, August 1, 18-21. iResearch Consulting Group. (2008). China online education services research report. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://www.kinig.com/upfiles/news/2 0088/1.PDF Li, J. (2007). 我国 充从充 市从 国我我 我 发 远 职 远 [An evaluation of the regulations in Chinese distance education]. Distance Education in China, July 1, 25-29. Li, D., Yan, J., & Yao, W. (2008). 从从从中国国 从充从 次从中国 从 次 联 发 络 发 走走 [The network education development in regular universities and that in TV universities: A comparison]. Distance Education in China, December. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www1.open.edu.cn/ycjy/indexz onghe.php Liu, Y. (2007). Presentation given at 2007 Innovation and Development in ICT in Chinese Education Forum. China Education Info, 7, 5. Ma, L. (2007). 中中从充国 从 高高从 从 充从充 际 际 络 发 ： 问 国 国 题 职 [TV university distance education from the perspective of internationalization in higher education: Issues and strategies]. Distance Education in China, June 1, 31-34.
Ministry of Education. (2008, April). 2007年年国从充年 次 等 职发 统统 统 [2007 Chinese Education Development Statistics]. Retrieved September 1, 2008, from http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/websit e18/54/info1209972965475254.htm Miniwatts Marketing Group. (2008). Top 47 countries with the highest Internet penetration rate. Retrieved September 6, 2008 from http://www.internetworldstats.com/to p25.htm Nam, Chang S., & Smith-Jackson, Tonya L. (2007). Web-based learning environment: A theory-based design process for development and evaluation. Journal of Information Technology Education, 6, 23-43. National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2002). 89.5%从充 的的国中中从充 倾 [89.5% respondents interested in foreign higher education]. Retrieved September 11, 2008, from http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjfx/rddc/t200205 31_21041.htm Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2007). Education at a glance 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2008, from http://www.oecd.org/document/30/0, 3343,en_2649_39263238_39251550_ 1_1_1_1,00.html Shen, Y., & Ding, G. (2007). 移 从 充 充 充从充中从 中中究 动 动 职 发 动 [The application of mobile learning in contemporary distance education]. Distance Education Journal, 4, 3739. Song, X. (2007). 2007年国际际程教育论论开幕 [2007 International Distance Education Forum opened]. Retrieved September 11, 2008, from http://www.yhedu.syn.cn/ycjy/Show Article.asp?ArticleID=67 Spector, J. M., & Merrill, M. D. (2008). Editorial. Distance Education, 29(2), 123-126. Sun, Y., & Chen, X. (2007). 开放大学“移动校园”构建的探索 [Exploring the establishment of an
39
LI
open university’s “mobile campus”]. China Education Info, 10, 7-9. Tait, A. (2008). What are open universities for? Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 23(2), 85-93. Tian, F., Wang, Yongfeng, & Wang, Yining. (2007). 中英高等网络教育政策比较及启示 [What we have learnt from a comparison of Chinese and British net higher education policies]. Distance Education Journal, 4, 2834. Wang, Y. (2007). Internet uses in university courses. International Journal on E-Learning, 6(2), 279292. Wang, Y. (2008). 我国我我从从充 充 国我 次国我 发 职 发 [The current situation of Chinese digital education resources and its development strategies]. China Education Info, 1, 9-11. Xian, L. (2007). Speech given at 2007 Innovation and Development in ICT in Chinese Education Forum. China Education Info, 7, 3-4. Xue, W. (2007). 从E-learning从U-learning [From e-learning to u-learning]. China Education Info, 12, 7-9. Yan, B. (2007). 充 充从充等代代 中中充 综综职 发 综 发
[Establishing a contemporary public distance education service structure]. Distance Education in China, August 2, 12-16. Yan, B. (2008). 充从充从程程程市国程 次 发 远发 [The cost and sustainable development of distance education]. Distance Education in China, September 1, Retrieved September 28, 2008, from http://www1.open.edu.cn/ycjy/indexzong he.php Yang, M. (2007, May 29). This year’s higher education entry examinations made two new records. People’s Daily Overseas Edition, 1. Yang, Q., Deng, K., & Cao, F. (2008). 我国国 从充 中从我我等 我 中究 联 络络 络 问题 [Destructive competition in Chinese network education economy]. Distance Education in China, 9(1). Retrieved September 29, 2008, from http://www1.open.edu.cn/ycjy/indexzong he.php Yuan, X. (2008, June 10). Higher education entry examinations concluded across the country. People’s Daily Overseas Edition, 1. Zhang, C., & Gong, J. (2008, September 2). Last year almost 200,000 foreign students in China. People’s Daily Overseas Edition, 1. Zhang, K. (2007). 国我国 充中中中中从充 从析析 试 发 试 [An analysis of Chinese open distance higher education models]. China Education Info, 9, 15-17. Zhang, X. (2008). 从充教教教 教教 教 中国从充中中国国 教 长 长 长 际 中中作作作况 [Deputy Minister of Education Zhang Xinsheng: The opening up and international cooperation of Chinese education]. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://www.moe.gov.cn/edoas/website18/ 83/info1218778117003283.htm Zhang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2007). 现代远程教育机构的社会责任 [The social responsibilities of contemporary distance education institutions]. Distance Education Journal, 4, 8-13. Zhou, Ji. (2007, October 17). 坚持教育优先发展，努力办好让人 民满意的教育: 党从十党从党党从充年 党党 次党 职 发 业
[Continuing to develop education as a priority and striving to provide education that satisfies the people: A retrospect at the education reform and development since the Party’s sixteenth congress]. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/websit e18/level3.jsp?tablename=2038&info id=33909 Zhou, Jiezhen. (2007). 充 充从充 职 发 ― 我国中中从充等我从我 实职 码 [Contemporary distance education, a means to realize equity in Chinese higher education]. Contemporary Distance Education, 113, 9-13.