Using OER in Asia: Factors, Reforms and Possibilities
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Abstract
Open Educational Resources (OER) are frequently advocated as an educational panacea, an educational technology that can be transported and transferred, reused and revised, to address the global shortage of high-quality online material. This paper explores that scenario by looking at the factors that might promote or inhibit the transfer and re-use of OER into Asian higher education and particularly focuses on the issue of language and culture. The paper identifies culture, as the underpinning of pedagogy, as a significant and unacknowledged determinant of success and proposes culture, as calibrated by the work of Hofstede and comparable thinkers, as a possible addition to OER metadata.
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How to Cite
TRAXLER, J. (2018). Using OER in Asia: Factors, Reforms and Possibilities. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 13(2), 7 - 19. Retrieved from https://asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/265
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The work published in AjDE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC-BY).
References
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Hofstede, G. H. (1997). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind, McGraw-Hill, New York. Ingelehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge University Press Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2010). The WVS cultural map of the world.World Values Survey. Kaplan, R. (1966) Cultural thought patterns in inter-cultural education, Language Learning, 16, 1-20. Kelly, G. A. (1970). A brief introduction to personal construct theory. Perspectives in personal construct theory, 1-29. Kezar, A., & Eckel, P. D. (2002). The effect of institutional culture on change strategies in higher education: Universal principles or culturally responsive concepts? The Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 435-460. Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things, Chicago, ILL: Chicago University Press. Lane, A. and McAndrew, P. (2010), Are open educational resources systematic or systemic change agents for teaching practice? British Journal of Educational Technology, Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information & management, 40(3), 191-204. Lewis, R. D. (1999). When Cultures Collide. Managing Successfully Across Cultures. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. 462 p. McClelland, M. (2003). Metadata standards for educational resources. Computer, 36(11),107-109. Lyytinen, K., & Damsgaard, J. (2001, April). What’s wrong with the diffusion of innovation theory? In Working Conference on Diffusing Software Product and Process Innovations (pp. 173-190).Springer, Boston, MA.
McGreal, R., Kinutha, W., & Marshall, S. (Eds.). (2013). Open Educational Resources: Innovation, Research and Practice. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. From http://www.col.org/resources/p ublications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=44 6 McNay, I. (1995). From the collegial academy to corporate enterprise: the changing cultures of universities. The changing university, 9, 105-115. Müller, A., Wichmann, S., Velupillai, V., Brown, C. H., Brown, P., Sauppe, S., ... & Belyaev, O. (2010). ASJP World Language Tree of Lexical Similarity: Version 3 (July 2010). Rao, A.; Parekh, P.; Traxler, J.; & Ling, R. (2018). Trust and Open Development. In Chib, A., Smith, M., & Bentley, C. (Eds.), Critical Perspectives on Open Development: Empirical Interrogation of Theory Construction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Roach, A. T., Kratochwill, T. R., & Frank, J. L. (2009). School-based consultants as change facilitators: Adaptation of the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM) to support the implementation of research-based practices. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 19(4), 300-320. Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster. Rogers, E. M. & Shoemaker, F. F. (1971).Communication of Innovations: A cross-cultural approach, New York: The Free Press. Rogers, E. M. (2002). Diffusion of preventive innovations. Addictive behaviors, 27(6), 989-993. Sahin, I. (2006). Detailed review of Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory and educational technologyrelated studies based on Rogers' theory. Turkish Online Journal of Educational TechnologyTOJET, 5(2), 14-23. Schein, E. H. (1991). What is culture?
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Newbury Park: Sage. Shear, L., Means, B., &Lundh, P. (2015). Research on open: OER research hub review and futures for research on OER. Smith, J. R., &Schirling, P. (2006). Metadata standards roundup. IEEE MultiMedia, 13(2), 84-88. Tai, J. H. (2003). Cognitive relativism: Resultative construction in Chinese. Language and Linguistics, 4(2), 301-316. Trowler, P. R. (1998). Academics Responding to Change
(H. Eggins, ed.). Society for Research into Higher Education/Open University Press. Winter, R. (2009). Academic manager or managed academic? Academic identity schisms in higher education. Journal of higher education policy and management, 31(2), 121-131. Wu, H., Zubair, M., &Maly, K. (2006, August). Harvesting social knowledge from folksonomies. In Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on Hypertext and hypermedia (pp. 111114). ACM.
Development, 26(1), 1-11. Dooley, K. E. (1999). Towards a holistic model for the diffusion of educational technologies: An integrative review of educational innovation studies. Educational Technology & Society, 2(4), 35-45. Duval, E., Hodgins, W., Sutton, S., & Weibel, S. L. (2002). Metadata principles and practicalities. D-lib Magazine, 8(4), 1082-9873. Ely, D. P. (1999).Conditions that facilitate the implementation of educational technology innovations. Educational technology, 39(6), 23-27. Farnham, D. (1999). Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems: International Trends and Comparisons. Open University Press, 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Greiffenhagen, C., & Sharrock, W. (2007). Linguistic relativism: Logic, grammar, and arithmetic in cultural comparison. Language & Communication, 27(1), 81-107. Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday. Hauser, L. (1997). Searle's Chinese box: Debunking the Chinese room argument. Minds and Machines, 7(2), 199-226. Hellawell, D., & Hancock, N. (2001). A case study of the changing role of the academic middle manager in higher education: between hierarchical control and collegiality? Research papers in education, 16(2), 183-197. Henri, F., Charlier, B., &Limpens, F. (2008, June).Understanding ple as an essential component of the learning process. In EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (pp. 3766-3770). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
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ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
Hofstede, G. H. (1997). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind, McGraw-Hill, New York. Ingelehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge University Press Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2010). The WVS cultural map of the world.World Values Survey. Kaplan, R. (1966) Cultural thought patterns in inter-cultural education, Language Learning, 16, 1-20. Kelly, G. A. (1970). A brief introduction to personal construct theory. Perspectives in personal construct theory, 1-29. Kezar, A., & Eckel, P. D. (2002). The effect of institutional culture on change strategies in higher education: Universal principles or culturally responsive concepts? The Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 435-460. Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things, Chicago, ILL: Chicago University Press. Lane, A. and McAndrew, P. (2010), Are open educational resources systematic or systemic change agents for teaching practice? British Journal of Educational Technology, Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information & management, 40(3), 191-204. Lewis, R. D. (1999). When Cultures Collide. Managing Successfully Across Cultures. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. 462 p. McClelland, M. (2003). Metadata standards for educational resources. Computer, 36(11),107-109. Lyytinen, K., & Damsgaard, J. (2001, April). What’s wrong with the diffusion of innovation theory? In Working Conference on Diffusing Software Product and Process Innovations (pp. 173-190).Springer, Boston, MA.
McGreal, R., Kinutha, W., & Marshall, S. (Eds.). (2013). Open Educational Resources: Innovation, Research and Practice. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. From http://www.col.org/resources/p ublications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=44 6 McNay, I. (1995). From the collegial academy to corporate enterprise: the changing cultures of universities. The changing university, 9, 105-115. Müller, A., Wichmann, S., Velupillai, V., Brown, C. H., Brown, P., Sauppe, S., ... & Belyaev, O. (2010). ASJP World Language Tree of Lexical Similarity: Version 3 (July 2010). Rao, A.; Parekh, P.; Traxler, J.; & Ling, R. (2018). Trust and Open Development. In Chib, A., Smith, M., & Bentley, C. (Eds.), Critical Perspectives on Open Development: Empirical Interrogation of Theory Construction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Roach, A. T., Kratochwill, T. R., & Frank, J. L. (2009). School-based consultants as change facilitators: Adaptation of the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM) to support the implementation of research-based practices. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 19(4), 300-320. Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster. Rogers, E. M. & Shoemaker, F. F. (1971).Communication of Innovations: A cross-cultural approach, New York: The Free Press. Rogers, E. M. (2002). Diffusion of preventive innovations. Addictive behaviors, 27(6), 989-993. Sahin, I. (2006). Detailed review of Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory and educational technologyrelated studies based on Rogers' theory. Turkish Online Journal of Educational TechnologyTOJET, 5(2), 14-23. Schein, E. H. (1991). What is culture?
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Newbury Park: Sage. Shear, L., Means, B., &Lundh, P. (2015). Research on open: OER research hub review and futures for research on OER. Smith, J. R., &Schirling, P. (2006). Metadata standards roundup. IEEE MultiMedia, 13(2), 84-88. Tai, J. H. (2003). Cognitive relativism: Resultative construction in Chinese. Language and Linguistics, 4(2), 301-316. Trowler, P. R. (1998). Academics Responding to Change
(H. Eggins, ed.). Society for Research into Higher Education/Open University Press. Winter, R. (2009). Academic manager or managed academic? Academic identity schisms in higher education. Journal of higher education policy and management, 31(2), 121-131. Wu, H., Zubair, M., &Maly, K. (2006, August). Harvesting social knowledge from folksonomies. In Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on Hypertext and hypermedia (pp. 111114). ACM.