School-Based versus Distance Training for Rural Teachers in China
Main Article Content
Abstract
Over the past decade, a multi-level network comprising national, provincial, county, and
school-based training has been established in China for teachers’ professional development.
With emphasis on the organization, implementation, and effectiveness of the teacher training
system across the country, this paper intends to present a descriptive analysis of rural teachers’
training. Mainly two types of training are investigated here ;- those promoting teachers’ overall
capacity and those facilitating teachers’ grasp of educational technology. Through examination
of teachers’ professional development in rural China, this paper aims to shed light on specific
issues that concern teachers’ education in a global context.
Article Details
How to Cite
MCQUAIDE, S. (2011). School-Based versus Distance Training for Rural Teachers in China. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 9(1), 14 - 34. Retrieved from http://asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/155
Section
Articles
The work published in AjDE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC-BY).
References
Beijing Youth Daily, 24th July 2009. Boitshwarelo, B. (2009). Exploring blended learning for science teacher professional development in an African context, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10 (4). Retrieved September 23, 2010, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/issue /view/37. Bridges, D. (1995). School-based teacher education. In T. Kerry, & A.S. Mayes (Eds.), Issues in mentoring. London : Routledge.
Cheng, X, & Cai G. (2009). Teacher professional Ddvelopment in DEPRS schools. Journal of Jilin Radio and TV University, 92 (2), 24-26. China Education Daily, 17th August 2008. China Ministry of Education (2004). Speeding up the National Teachers’ Web Union construction to organize a new round of training for all primary and secondary teachers. Retrieved September 23, 2010,
from http://www.moe.edu.cn/ China Ministry of Education (2005). Announcement on the implementation of the project to develop ICT capacity for primary and secondary school teachers. Training for Primary and Secondary School Teachers, 5, 20-23. Continuing Education Website (2010). A brief summary of our work. Retrieved September 24, 2010, from http://www.teacher.com.cn Culture Column (2007). National Teachers’ Education Website. People’s Education, 17, 59. Cobb, P., Wood, T., Yackel, E., Nicholls, J., Wheatley, G., Trigatti, B., & Perlwitz, M. (1991). Assessment of a problem-centered second grade mathematics project. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 22, 3-29. Ding, X, (2004). A creative and cooperative project : The t heory and practices of forming the National Teachers’ Web Union in China. Keynote speech at the Conference on Distance Education in Mainland China and Taiwan, in Macau, China. Duan, C. (2008). Online learner support for inservice teacher training in China. Asian Journal of Distance education, 6 (2), 32-41. Fang, Z., & Shao, Z. (2007). The exploration and practice of using DEPRS to promote English language teaching in the primary schools of Hubei province. Journal for Technical Education, 12, 34-37. Front Page News Summary (2008). National Teachers’ Education Website Celebrating 5 Anniversaries. Primary and Secondary School Teacher Training, 2, 64. Guo, S., & Su, C. (2008). Analyzing teachers’ needs to plan a suitable training model. Studies on Educational Technology, 186 (10), 48-52. He, M. (2008). On the effectiveness of DEPRS school teachers’ training : A case study of DEPRS teachers’ training program in Hubei. Unpublished master’s thesis. Central China University. He, M., & Zhang Y. (2008). The elements and approaches of the DEPRS teacher training
32
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
program : Teacher training for model three tool implemented in Hubei Province. China Educational Technology, 254 (3), 50-53. Herrington, A., Herrington, J. , Hoban, G. , & Reid, D. (2009). Transfer of online professional learning to teachers’ classroom practice. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 20 (2), 189-213. Ho, S. (2009). Study on the school-based training for rural primary and secondary teachers : A case study of Liuan Prefecture of Anhui Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Xian University. Jia, L. (2007). Rural teachers’ training in DEPRS technology. Unpublished mastrer’s thesis. Anhui Normal University. Jiao, D. (2009). On the DEPRS teachers’ training through moodle. Modern Educational Technology, 19 (2), 57-59. Lin, X. (2008). Study on the rural primary and secondary school teachers’ distance education : A case study of distance training for middle school teachers in Ningde Prefecture of Fujiang Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Fujian Normal University. Liu, L. (2008). School-based training for rural middle school chemistry teachers in west China : A case study of Pingchang County in Sichuan Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Sichuan Normal University. Liu, F., & Li, F. (2009). Effective management of quality distance training : Case study of the summer training project held by China Ministry of Education. China Educational Technology, 268 (5), 55-58. Liu, F., & Su, J. (2010). Study on distance training and local administration system : Case study of the National DEPRS Training for Rural School Principals. Studies on Educational Technology, 204 (4), 113-120. Liu, N., Sun, W., & Li, H. (2008). Study on the personal blogs posted by primary and secondary school teachers on the National Teachers’ Education Website. Studies on Educational Technology, 179 (3), 67-71. Luo, J. (2008). Speech at the working Conference on Educational Technology. Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http://www.ynedu.net/ McQuaide, S. (2009). Making education equitable in rural China through distance learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10 (1). Mohammad, R.F., & Harlech-Jones, B. (2008). Working as partners for classroom reform. International Journal of Educational Development, 28, 534-545.
News Column. (2009). Over 6 million primary and secondary school teachers received non-degree training from National Teachers’ Web Union during the 6 years of its formation. Training for Primary and Secondary School Teacher, 8, 63. Nie, Y., & Ge, W. (2009). On promotion tactics for DEPRS teacher training : Case study on Shanxi Province training for model three school teachers. China Educational Technology, 267 (4), 41-44. Perraton, H. (Ed.) (1993). Distance education for teacher training. New York : Routledge. Peng, S. (2007). On the application of the distance learning approaches in secondary education in Dangzhai Middle School of Zhangye County : A case study of the delivery model three. Unpublished master’s thesis. Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China. Robinson, B., & Latchem, C. (Eds.) (2003). Teacher education through open and distance learning. New York : Routledge. Shi, B. (2007). Timely help is provided by the Three Summer Projects : A brief survey of the implementation of the Three Summer Training Projects for primary and secondary school teachers. Training for Primary and Secondary School Teachers, 10, 5-7. Sikwibele, A.L., & Mungoo, J.K. (2009). Distance learning and teacher education in Botswana : Opportunities and challenges.
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10 (4). Retrieved September 10, 2010, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/issue /view/37 Song, Y, (2008). Strengthen distance education for primary and secondary school teachers, and promote the project to build up teachers’ capacity in educational technology. Speech at the national conference for experience exchange on primary and secondary teachers’ distance education as well as their ICT training, Training for Primary and Secondary School Teachers, 1, 3-7. Tan, D. (2008). Teacher training in DEPRS : The design and implementation of training program for model three school teachers in Hubei Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Central China Normal University. Wu, L., & Zhang, M. (2009). Construction of a three dimensional teacher education system in the age of the internet. Studies on Educational Technology, 196 (8), 30-34. Wang, Y., Zhang, G., & Ma, X. (2009). On the school-based training of the DEPRS skills.
33
MCQUAIDE
Studies on Educational Technology, 193 (5), 68-70. Wang, Z, (2009). On the current situation of rural teacher training : A case study of rural schools in G County of Hebei Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Capital Normal University, Beijing, China. Web Union for National Teachers’ Education (2009). Work Bulletin, #1 & #2. Retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.jswl.cn/ Xue, S. (2009). School-based ICT training held in DEPRS model three schools. Journal of Yanan University (Natural Science s Edition), 28 (4), 50-53. Yu, S., & Wang, M. (2006). Modern education project for the rural schools of China : Recent development and problems. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22 (4), 273283. Yunnan Education Bureau (2005). Progress in implementation of the Project for Promotion of Provincial Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Capacity in Educational Technology. Education Information Technology, 9, 38-40.
Yunnan Center for Educational Technology (2009). Promotion of all teachers’ capacity in educational technology via distance education : Program implementation plan. Retrieved September 14, 2010, from http://www.ynedu.net/ Zeng, C. (2006). Study on school-based training for rural primary and secondary school teachers. Unpublished master’s thesis. Sichuan Normal University. Zhang, G (2008). On the learning system design relying on Teachers’ Education Web Union in Jiangsu Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Nanjing Normal University. Zhang, W., & Shi, T. (2008). Analysis of and search for solutions for a common phenomenon in distance learning tools’ application in classroom instruction : The predilection of an open course. Modern Educational Technology, 8, 78-81.
Cheng, X, & Cai G. (2009). Teacher professional Ddvelopment in DEPRS schools. Journal of Jilin Radio and TV University, 92 (2), 24-26. China Education Daily, 17th August 2008. China Ministry of Education (2004). Speeding up the National Teachers’ Web Union construction to organize a new round of training for all primary and secondary teachers. Retrieved September 23, 2010,
from http://www.moe.edu.cn/ China Ministry of Education (2005). Announcement on the implementation of the project to develop ICT capacity for primary and secondary school teachers. Training for Primary and Secondary School Teachers, 5, 20-23. Continuing Education Website (2010). A brief summary of our work. Retrieved September 24, 2010, from http://www.teacher.com.cn Culture Column (2007). National Teachers’ Education Website. People’s Education, 17, 59. Cobb, P., Wood, T., Yackel, E., Nicholls, J., Wheatley, G., Trigatti, B., & Perlwitz, M. (1991). Assessment of a problem-centered second grade mathematics project. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 22, 3-29. Ding, X, (2004). A creative and cooperative project : The t heory and practices of forming the National Teachers’ Web Union in China. Keynote speech at the Conference on Distance Education in Mainland China and Taiwan, in Macau, China. Duan, C. (2008). Online learner support for inservice teacher training in China. Asian Journal of Distance education, 6 (2), 32-41. Fang, Z., & Shao, Z. (2007). The exploration and practice of using DEPRS to promote English language teaching in the primary schools of Hubei province. Journal for Technical Education, 12, 34-37. Front Page News Summary (2008). National Teachers’ Education Website Celebrating 5 Anniversaries. Primary and Secondary School Teacher Training, 2, 64. Guo, S., & Su, C. (2008). Analyzing teachers’ needs to plan a suitable training model. Studies on Educational Technology, 186 (10), 48-52. He, M. (2008). On the effectiveness of DEPRS school teachers’ training : A case study of DEPRS teachers’ training program in Hubei. Unpublished master’s thesis. Central China University. He, M., & Zhang Y. (2008). The elements and approaches of the DEPRS teacher training
32
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
program : Teacher training for model three tool implemented in Hubei Province. China Educational Technology, 254 (3), 50-53. Herrington, A., Herrington, J. , Hoban, G. , & Reid, D. (2009). Transfer of online professional learning to teachers’ classroom practice. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 20 (2), 189-213. Ho, S. (2009). Study on the school-based training for rural primary and secondary teachers : A case study of Liuan Prefecture of Anhui Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Xian University. Jia, L. (2007). Rural teachers’ training in DEPRS technology. Unpublished mastrer’s thesis. Anhui Normal University. Jiao, D. (2009). On the DEPRS teachers’ training through moodle. Modern Educational Technology, 19 (2), 57-59. Lin, X. (2008). Study on the rural primary and secondary school teachers’ distance education : A case study of distance training for middle school teachers in Ningde Prefecture of Fujiang Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Fujian Normal University. Liu, L. (2008). School-based training for rural middle school chemistry teachers in west China : A case study of Pingchang County in Sichuan Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Sichuan Normal University. Liu, F., & Li, F. (2009). Effective management of quality distance training : Case study of the summer training project held by China Ministry of Education. China Educational Technology, 268 (5), 55-58. Liu, F., & Su, J. (2010). Study on distance training and local administration system : Case study of the National DEPRS Training for Rural School Principals. Studies on Educational Technology, 204 (4), 113-120. Liu, N., Sun, W., & Li, H. (2008). Study on the personal blogs posted by primary and secondary school teachers on the National Teachers’ Education Website. Studies on Educational Technology, 179 (3), 67-71. Luo, J. (2008). Speech at the working Conference on Educational Technology. Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http://www.ynedu.net/ McQuaide, S. (2009). Making education equitable in rural China through distance learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10 (1). Mohammad, R.F., & Harlech-Jones, B. (2008). Working as partners for classroom reform. International Journal of Educational Development, 28, 534-545.
News Column. (2009). Over 6 million primary and secondary school teachers received non-degree training from National Teachers’ Web Union during the 6 years of its formation. Training for Primary and Secondary School Teacher, 8, 63. Nie, Y., & Ge, W. (2009). On promotion tactics for DEPRS teacher training : Case study on Shanxi Province training for model three school teachers. China Educational Technology, 267 (4), 41-44. Perraton, H. (Ed.) (1993). Distance education for teacher training. New York : Routledge. Peng, S. (2007). On the application of the distance learning approaches in secondary education in Dangzhai Middle School of Zhangye County : A case study of the delivery model three. Unpublished master’s thesis. Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China. Robinson, B., & Latchem, C. (Eds.) (2003). Teacher education through open and distance learning. New York : Routledge. Shi, B. (2007). Timely help is provided by the Three Summer Projects : A brief survey of the implementation of the Three Summer Training Projects for primary and secondary school teachers. Training for Primary and Secondary School Teachers, 10, 5-7. Sikwibele, A.L., & Mungoo, J.K. (2009). Distance learning and teacher education in Botswana : Opportunities and challenges.
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10 (4). Retrieved September 10, 2010, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/issue /view/37 Song, Y, (2008). Strengthen distance education for primary and secondary school teachers, and promote the project to build up teachers’ capacity in educational technology. Speech at the national conference for experience exchange on primary and secondary teachers’ distance education as well as their ICT training, Training for Primary and Secondary School Teachers, 1, 3-7. Tan, D. (2008). Teacher training in DEPRS : The design and implementation of training program for model three school teachers in Hubei Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Central China Normal University. Wu, L., & Zhang, M. (2009). Construction of a three dimensional teacher education system in the age of the internet. Studies on Educational Technology, 196 (8), 30-34. Wang, Y., Zhang, G., & Ma, X. (2009). On the school-based training of the DEPRS skills.
33
MCQUAIDE
Studies on Educational Technology, 193 (5), 68-70. Wang, Z, (2009). On the current situation of rural teacher training : A case study of rural schools in G County of Hebei Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Capital Normal University, Beijing, China. Web Union for National Teachers’ Education (2009). Work Bulletin, #1 & #2. Retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.jswl.cn/ Xue, S. (2009). School-based ICT training held in DEPRS model three schools. Journal of Yanan University (Natural Science s Edition), 28 (4), 50-53. Yu, S., & Wang, M. (2006). Modern education project for the rural schools of China : Recent development and problems. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22 (4), 273283. Yunnan Education Bureau (2005). Progress in implementation of the Project for Promotion of Provincial Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Capacity in Educational Technology. Education Information Technology, 9, 38-40.
Yunnan Center for Educational Technology (2009). Promotion of all teachers’ capacity in educational technology via distance education : Program implementation plan. Retrieved September 14, 2010, from http://www.ynedu.net/ Zeng, C. (2006). Study on school-based training for rural primary and secondary school teachers. Unpublished master’s thesis. Sichuan Normal University. Zhang, G (2008). On the learning system design relying on Teachers’ Education Web Union in Jiangsu Province. Unpublished master’s thesis. Nanjing Normal University. Zhang, W., & Shi, T. (2008). Analysis of and search for solutions for a common phenomenon in distance learning tools’ application in classroom instruction : The predilection of an open course. Modern Educational Technology, 8, 78-81.